In 1616, the astronomer Galileo used the name “Aurora Borealis” to describe them, taking the name of the mythical Roman goddess of the dawn, Aurora, and the Greek name for wind of the north, Boreas.
The science behind the aurora is an interesting tale as well. The lights come from collisions between electrically charged particles from the sun that enter the earth’s atmosphere.
While Earth is constantly being bombarded with debris, most of the time the planet’s magnetic field will deflect rays and particles, including those from the sun.